DirtyForest

Albacore

2005-04-05T13:08:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Albicore (species Thunnus alalunga), large oceanic fish noted for its fine flesh. The bluefin tuna (T. thynnus) is also sometimes called albacore. See tuna.

Adage

2005-04-05T08:00:00.000-07:00

A saying, often in metaphoric form, that embodies a common observation, such as "If the shoe fits, wear it,'' "Out of the frying pan, into the fire,'' or "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.'' The scholar Erasmus published a well-known collection of adages as Adagia in 1508. The word is from the Latin adagium, “proverb.”

Vaughan, Frankie

2005-04-04T07:25:00.000-07:00

British theatre and cabaret singer who was one of the most popular romantic crooners of the 1950s through the '90s; darkly handsome and elegantly dressed, “Mr. Moonlight” (as he was known from his signature tune, “Give Me the Moonlight”) also appeared on television in Britain, the U.S., and across Europe and in motion pictures, notably in a musical number with Marilyn Monroe in Let's

Lisboa

2005-04-03T06:28:00.000-07:00

Administrative district, west central Portugal, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean (west and south) and by the Tagus River and its estuary (southeast). Principal occupations outside Lisbon, the district and national capital, are agriculture and fishing, ironworking, and tourism. A disastrous flood in November 1967 caused over 450 deaths and much damage in the district. Area 1,065 square

Vaughan, Frankie

2005-04-03T01:13:00.000-08:00

Organization formed in New York City in 1911 during a convention of state antisuffrage groups. Led by Josephine Dodge, the founder and first president, the NAOWS believed that woman suffrage would decrease women's work in communities and their ability to effect societal reforms. Active on a state and federal level, the group also established a newsletter, Woman's

Pencil Drawing

2005-04-02T06:29:00.000-08:00

Drawing executed with an instrument composed of graphite enclosed in a wood casing and intended either as a sketch for a more elaborate work in another medium, an exercise in visual expression, or a finished work. The cylindrical graphite pencil, because of its usefulness in easily producing linear gray-black strokes, became the successor of the older, metallic

Hardouin, Jean

2005-03-31T23:11:00.000-08:00

Hardouin entered the Society of Jesus in 1666 and was professor of positive theology in the Jesuit Collège Louis-le-Grand at Paris (1683–1718) when he published his first works, editions of the classical writers

Dur Sharrukin

2005-03-29T08:47:00.000-08:00

Modern Khorsabad ancient Assyrian city located northeast of Nineveh, in Iraq. Built between 717 and 707 BC by the Assyrian king Sargon II (reigned 721–705), Dur Sharrukin exhibits careful town planning. The city measured about one mile square (2.59 square km); its outer walls were pierced by seven fortified gates. An inner wall enclosed a temple to Nabu (a god of vegetation and the patron of the art of writing), the

Canaan Dog

2005-03-29T04:04:00.000-08:00

Breed of herding dog developed in Israel in the 20th century from semiwild pariah dogs that were the descendants of animals present in the region since biblical times. Over time they had been utilized as guardians and hunting dogs, but most had reverted to a wild state, living in desert areas. In the 1930s a breeding program was begun to redomesticate these wild dogs to serve

Hancock

2005-03-29T02:48:00.000-08:00

City, Houghton county, northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S., across Portage Lake from Houghton. Laid out in 1859, it was named for John Hancock, the American Revolutionary War leader. With the discovery of nearby copper mines in the mid-19th century, Hancock became a busy shipping point. In addition to mining, local industries include the manufacture of foundry products

Tyrrhenian Sea

2005-03-28T05:02:00.000-08:00

Latin Mare Tyrrhenum, Italian Mare Tirreno, arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the western coast of Italy and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. It is connected with the Ligurian Sea (northwest) through the Tuscan Archipelago and with the Ionian Sea (southeast) through the Strait of Messina. Chief inlets of the sea include the Bay of Naples and the gulfs of Gaeta, Salerno, Policastro, and Sant'Eufemia.

Ramie

2005-03-27T18:33:00.000-08:00

The ramie plant has been cultivated

Madgaon

2005-03-27T08:41:00.000-08:00

Also called Margao, town, west-central Goa state, western India. Madgaon is situated on the railway that extends from Marmagao port to Castle Rock in Karnataka state. The third largest city in Goa, it gained importance with the development of Marmagao port, the best harbour between Bombay and Cochin. An industrial estate just outside the city, a cold-storage plant for fish, and a large agricultural-produce

Jablonski, Daniel Ernst

2005-03-26T16:53:00.000-08:00

Jablonski studied at Frankfurt an der Oder and at Oxford University and began preaching at Magdeburg in 1683. From 1686 to 1691 he headed the Moravian College at Lissa, becoming court preacher at Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia)

Silhouette Island

2005-03-25T11:10:00.000-08:00

Granitic island, third largest of the Seychelles archipelago, Republic of Seychelles, in the western Indian Ocean. It has an area of 7.6 sq mi (20 sq km), rises to 2,467 ft (751 m), and is 12 mi (19 km) northwest of Mahé Island. Virgin forests still grow in the more inaccessible parts of its mountainous terrain. The island is protected as a national park. Copra and fish are the main products. Pop. (1982 est.) 255.

Vaida-voevod, Alexandru

2005-03-25T04:50:00.000-08:00

A native of Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Vaida-Voevod joined a small Romanian nationalist group in the Hungarian Parliament after

Ukrainian Language

2005-03-24T17:11:00.000-08:00

Formerly called Ruthenian, or Little Russian, Ukrainian Ukraïns'ka Mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in neighbouring Belarus, Russia, Poland, and Slovakia. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th–13th century). It is written in a form of the Cyrillic alphabet and is closely related to Russian and Belarusian, from which it was indistinguishable until the 12th

Scandinavian Literature, Renewed literary activity in Norway

2005-03-24T08:36:00.000-08:00

Political union between Denmark and Norway started in 1380, and the Danish language eventually became the official and the literary medium. Copenhagen, with its university, established itself as the cultural capital of the two countries. Not until after the Reformation were there signs of renewed literary activity in Norway itself; e.g., in the nostalgic apologia for

Fabre, Jean Henri

2005-03-23T10:51:00.000-08:00

Fabre did important research on the insect orders

Dell, Floyd

2005-03-22T20:17:00.000-08:00

A precocious poet, Dell grew up in an impoverished family and left high school at age 16 to work in a factory. Moving to Chicago in 1908, he worked as a newspaperman and soon was a leader of the

Strang, James Jesse

2005-03-22T03:20:00.000-08:00

Admitted to the bar in 1836 after teaching for a brief period, Strang also served as postmaster for five years at Ellington, N.Y., and owned and edited a weekly

Elf Owl

2005-03-20T18:57:00.000-08:00

Third largest trade-union federation in India after the All-India Trade Union Congress and the Indian National Trade Union Congress. The HMS was formed by the Socialists in 1948 but has little real connection with the Socialist Party. It is one of the least political and most pragmatic trade-union federations in India. The HMS is affiliated with the International Confederation

Maastricht Treaty

2005-03-20T17:50:00.000-08:00

Formally Treaty on European Union international agreement approved by the heads of government of the states of the European Community (EC) in Maastricht, Netherlands, in December 1991. Ratified by all EC member states (voters in Denmark rejected the original treaty but later approved a slightly modified version), the treaty was signed on February 7, 1992, and entered into force on November 1, 1993. The treaty established

Beach Pea

2005-03-19T05:52:00.000-08:00

(Lathyrus maritimus, sometimes L. japonicus), sprawling perennial plant in the pea family (Fabaceae). It occurs on gravelly and sandy coastal areas throughout the North Temperate Zone. The stem is 30–60 centimetres (1–2 feet) long. The alternate leaves are divided into 6 to 12 leaflets arranged along the leafstalk. The purplish-blue flowers, which appear throughout

China, The Shih-liu kuo (Sixteen Kingdoms) in the north (303439)

2005-03-18T01:40:00.000-08:00

The term Sixteen Kingdoms traditionally denotes the plethora of short-lived non-Chinese dynasties that from 303 came to rule the whole or parts of northern China. Many ethnic groups were involved, including ancestors of the Turks (such as the Hsiung-nu, possibly related to the Huns of late Roman history, and the Chieh), the Mongolians (Hsien-pei), and the Tibetans (Ti and Ch'iang).

Stone, Fred (andrew)

2005-03-17T23:57:00.000-08:00

Stone was raised in Topeka, Kan., making his stage debut there at age 11, and soon joined his brother on tour with a number of small circuses. In the 1890s he teamed up with Dave Montgomery and together they toured in vaudeville and minstrel shows before appearing in their first Broadway

Faraday

2005-03-17T22:10:00.000-08:00

Unit of electricity, used in the study of electrochemical reactions and equal to the amount of electric charge that liberates one gram equivalent of any ion from an electrolytic solution. It was named in honour of the 19th-century English scientist Michael Faraday and equals 9.6485309 ´ 104 coulombs, or 6.0221367 ´ 1023 electrons (see also Avogadro's law).

Cinématographe

2005-03-17T19:04:00.000-08:00

First motion-picture apparatus, used as both camera and projector. The invention of Louis and Auguste Lumière, manufacturers of photographic materials of Lyon, Fr., it was based in part on the Kinetoscope of Thomas A. Edison in the United States and in part on the Théâtre Optique of Émile Reynaud in Paris. From Edison's invention the Lumières took the idea of a sprocket-wound

Biblical Literature, Form and content of John

2005-03-17T03:31:00.000-08:00

In John there is a mixture of long meditational discourses on definite themes and concrete events recalling the structure of Matthew (with events plus discourses); and, although the source problem is complex and research is still grappling with it, there can be little doubt that John depended on a distinct source for his seven miracles (the sign [or semeia] source): (1) turning

Arabian Desert

2005-03-16T00:52:00.000-08:00

Before the 18th century many Arabs but few Europeans had succeeded in penetrating the Arabian Desert, and few authors had written about it. Travel literature written in Arabic concentrated on the routes taken by pilgrimage caravans going to Mecca. Scientific exploration began in 1762 with a Danish expedition led by the German surveyor Carsten Niebuhr. In the 19th century

Cairo, The old and new quarters

2005-03-15T10:15:00.000-08:00

Cairo is fan-shaped, narrowest in the south, where the river valley is wedged between desert escarpments, and widest in the north, where the valley blends into the delta. Over the centuries the city expanded westward as a receding river channel left land flood-free. In response to heightened demand, however, the city also has been elongated to the north and south and has

Bracegirdle, Anne

2005-03-15T07:29:00.000-08:00

Bracegirdle studied acting with Thomas Betterton, her guardian, and appeared on the stage as early as six years of age. In 1688 her performance in Thomas Shadwell's The Squire of Alsatia at Drury Lane Theatre, London, brought her notice. Different playwrights, particularly William Congreve and Nicholas Rowe,

Pytheas

2005-03-14T19:32:00.000-08:00

Sailing from the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic, Pytheas stopped at the Phoenician city of

Ambato

2005-03-14T06:06:00.000-08:00

City, central Ecuador. It lies along the Ambato River in an intermontane basin near the northeastern foot of Mount Chimborazo, at an elevation of about 8,500 feet (2,600 m) above sea level. It was the scene of a decisive victory in 1821 by Antonio José de Sucre, lieutenant of the liberator Simón Bolívar, against the Spanish during the wars for Latin-American independence. Ambato has frequently

Gwyn, Nell

2005-03-14T03:32:00.000-08:00

Her father, according to tradition, died in a debtors' prison at Oxford during

Pietrasanta

2005-03-14T03:13:00.000-08:00

Town, centre of a district known as Versilia, Lucca provincia, Toscana (Tuscany) regione, central Italy, at the foot of the Alpi Apuane (mountains) just southeast of Carrara. Its piazza is surrounded by fine buildings including the Cathedral of San Martino and the Church of San Agostino (a baptistery with a medieval font), both dating from the 14th century, and the remains of

Latin American Central Of Workers

2005-03-12T18:56:00.000-08:00

Spanish Central Latinoamericana de Trabajadores (CLAT), regional Christian Democrat trade union federation linked to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). Its affiliated member groups represent some 10,000,000 workers in more than 35 Latin-American and Caribbean countries and territories. Its headquarters are in Caracas, Venez. From its founding in 1954 until 1971 it was known as the Latin American Federation of Christian Trade

China

2005-03-12T17:37:00.000-08:00

Also called chinaware any of various fine ornamental and useful ceramic wares, usually made of porcelain. See porcelain; bone china; ironstone china.

Eleazar Ben Azariah

2005-03-12T07:55:00.000-08:00

Eleazar was a wealthy, learned, and highly esteemed resident of Jabneh who traced his descent through Ezra, the legendary spiritual leader of Palestine. He served

Sirtica

2005-03-11T07:50:00.000-08:00

Sandy desert region that is essentially a northward extension of the Sahara (desert), north-central Libya; it is the site of one of the world's largest oil fields. The region fronts the Mediterranean Sea for about 300 miles (480 km) along the southern part of the Gulf of Sidra and extends generally southeastward through the Sirte (Surt) Basin. It is bordered on the west by the

Smith, Sir Keith Macpherson; And Smith, Sir Ross Macpherson

2005-03-11T06:57:00.000-08:00

During World War I, Keith Smith flew as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (1917–19), while Ross started with the Australian Light Horse in Gallipoli and Sinai until he learned to fly in Egypt

Lop Nor

2005-03-09T21:43:00.000-08:00

The former lake, occupying roughly 770 square miles (2,000 square km) in the 1950s, ceased to exist by about 1970 upon completion of irrigation works

Korean War

2005-03-09T17:22:00.000-08:00

Conflict between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million persons lost their lives. The war reached international proportions in June 1950 when North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal participant, joined

Equatorial Guinea, Linguistic composition

2005-03-09T05:12:00.000-08:00

While each ethnic group speaks its own language, other linguistic influences are at work. The first is Spanish, the official language of the republic, which is taught in schools and used by the press and is the only means of communication common to both Bioko and the mainland. The second influence is pidgin English, which is used extensively in petty commerce and forms

Ankara

2005-03-09T05:11:00.000-08:00

While the date of the city's foundation is uncertain, archaeological evidence indicates habitation at least since the Stone Age, and a thriving Phrygian town was located in the area at the end of the 2nd millennium

Bean, Alan L(avern)

2005-03-07T20:04:00.000-08:00

Bean entered the U.S. Navy upon graduation

Reformatory

2005-03-07T09:47:00.000-08:00

Correctional institution for the treatment, training, and social rehabilitation of youth. Institutions designated as reformatories are of two general types: residential training schools for school-age delinquents and facilities for the confinement of youthful offenders between the ages of 16 and 25 who have been convicted of criminal acts. The early reformatories,

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke Of, Earl Of Surrey, Earl Marshal

2005-03-07T03:40:00.000-08:00

He was the son of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, who was put to death for alleged treasonable activities in 1547. Restored to his father's title on the accession of Queen Mary

Hades

2005-03-07T01:21:00.000-08:00

Greek Aïdes (“the Unseen”), also called Pluto, or Pluton (“the Rich”), in Greek religion, son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and brother of the deities Zeus and Poseidon. After Cronus was killed, the kingdom of the underworld fell by lot to Hades. There he ruled with his queen, Persephone, over the infernal powers and over the dead, in what was often called “the House of Hades,” or simply Hades. Though he supervised the trial and punishment

Cartan, élie-joseph

2005-03-06T16:45:00.000-08:00

In 1894 Cartan became a lecturer at the University of Montpellier, where he studied the structure of continuous groups introduced by the noted Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie. He later examined theories of equivalence

France, History Of, Economic life

2005-03-05T23:52:00.000-08:00

Agriculture was the principal economic activity, and during the entire Frankish age the great estate, inherited from antiquity, remained the predominant characteristic of rural life. These estates were the residence and principal source of income of the aristocracy. The estates appear to have long been placed under cultivation by servile labour, which was abundant

Macdonough, Thomas

2005-03-05T11:04:00.000-08:00

Entering the navy as a midshipman in 1800, Macdonough saw service during the U.S. war with Tripoli (1801–05). When war broke out with England, his major assignment

Python

2005-03-04T04:00:00.000-08:00

(subfamily Pythoninae) any of 20 to 25 species of snakes of the family Boidae, found in tropical and temperate regions from western Africa to China, Australia, and the Pacific islands. The dwarf python (Loxocemus bicolor) of Central America is sometimes placed in this subfamily. Pythons are not venomous; they kill by constriction. Most species are found near water; some are arboreal.

O'brien, William

2005-03-03T11:33:00.000-08:00

Irish journalist and politician who was for several years second only to Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–91) among Irish Nationalist leaders. He was perhaps most important for his “plan of campaign” (1886), by which Irish tenant farmers would withhold all rent payments from landlords who refused to lower their rents and would pay the money

China, Changes in outlying areas

2005-03-03T08:38:00.000-08:00

With the decline of the Ch'ing power and prestige, beginning in the early 19th century, China's peripheral areas began to free themselves from the Ch'ing influence.

Lupino Family

2005-03-03T00:12:00.000-08:00

The earliest traceable Lupino—who spelled his name Luppino—flourished probably in Italy, c. 1612, and billed himself as Signor Luppino. His descendant, George William (1632–93), a singer, reciter, and puppet master, went to England as a political refugee. His son, George Charles (1662–1725), was a performer and puppeteer at the age of eight. After

Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

2005-03-02T13:26:00.000-08:00

Of pure Arab stock, Ibn Hanbal belonged to the tribe of Shayban through both parents. He was still an infant when his father died at 30. When Ibn Hanbal was 15 he began to study the Traditions (Hadith) of the Prophet Muhammad. Seeking to learn from the great masters of his day, he travelled to the cities of Kufah and Basra in Iraq; Mecca, Hejaz, and Medina in Arabia; and to the lands of Yemen and

Procedural Law, Common law

2005-03-01T17:31:00.000-08:00

In Anglo-American legal systems, a convicted defendant may move in the trial court to arrest judgment, or he may file a motion for a new trial. The legality of the conviction may also be challenged by appeal to a higher court. Criminal appeals were unknown in the traditional common law, but today they are universally granted by statute. In the United Kingdom, the Criminal

Sabre

2005-03-01T10:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Saber, heavy military sword with a long cutting edge and, often, a curved blade, derived from a Hungarian cavalry sword introduced from the Orient in the 18th century; also a light fencing weapon developed in Italy in the 19th century for duelling. The military sabre had been relegated to a ceremonial role by the 20th century, while the fencing sabre had become one of the sport's standard

Hanafiyah

2005-03-01T03:58:00.000-08:00

Also called Madhhab Hanifah , English Hanafites in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, incorporating the legal opinions of the ancient Iraqi schools of al-Kufah and Basra. Hanafi legal thought (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imam Abu Hanifah (c. 700–767) by such disciples as Abu Yusuf (d. 798) and Muhammad ash-Shaybani (749/750–805) and became the official system of Islamic legal interpretation of the 'Abbasids, Seljuqs

Heijermans, Herman

2005-02-28T23:23:00.000-08:00

After failing in business, Heijermans became a journalist in Amsterdam. His novel Kamertjeszonde (1898; “Petty Sin”), published under the pseudonym Koos Habbema, sharply criticizes prevailing sexual attitudes, and,

Madanin

2005-02-28T09:55:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Médenine, town, southern Tunisia. The town lies in the semiarid plain of al-Jifarah (Jeffara). It was the capital of the Ouerghemma League of three Berber groups and was the chief town of the Southern Military Territories during the French Protectorate (1881–1955). The honeycomb-like, aboveground granaries (ghorfas) that belonged to the Ouerghemma are features of the locality. The town is

Clare, John Fitzgibbon, 1st Earl Of

2005-02-28T09:12:00.000-08:00

He entered the Irish

Fischer, Bobby

2005-02-28T06:11:00.000-08:00

Fischer learned the moves of chess

Cyclosilicate

2005-02-26T16:11:00.000-08:00

Compound with a structure in which silicate tetrahedrons (a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) are arranged in rings. Each tetrahedron shares two of its oxygen atoms with other tetrahedrons; the rings formed may have three (e.g., benitoite), four (e.g., axinite), or six members (e.g., beryl). The cyclosilicates have chemical formulas

Tammany Hall

2005-02-26T10:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Tammany, the executive committee of the Democratic Party in New York City historically exercising political control through the typical boss-ist blend of charity and patronage. The name was derived from a pre-Revolutionary association named after Tammanend, a wise and benevolent Delaware Indian chief. When Tammany was organized in New York in 1789, it represented middle-class

Novokuznetsk

2005-02-26T05:01:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Novokuzneck , formerly Kuznetsk , (1931–32) Novokuznetsk , or (1932–61) Stalinsk city, Kemerovo oblast (province), south-central Russia. The city lies along the Tom River just below its confluence with the Kondoma, in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin. Originally the small village of Kuznetsk, founded in 1617, stood on the river's right bank; it had about 4,000 inhabitants in 1926. In 1929, under the Soviet First Five-Year Plan, an ironworks was founded on the opposite bank; around the

Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl Of

2005-02-25T18:16:00.000-08:00

By his second marriage in 1514 to the queen dowager Margaret Tudor, Angus aroused the jealousy of the nobles. Margaret was supplanted in 1515 as regent and guardian of the infant James V by the Duke

Capital

2005-02-25T05:06:00.000-08:00

Capital may be so broadly defined as to include all possible material, nonmaterial, and human inputs into a productive system, but it is usually more useful to confine the

Affix

2005-02-23T22:09:00.000-08:00

A grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived and inflected forms. There are three types of affixes: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. A prefix occurs at the beginning of a word or stem (sub-mit, pre-determine, un-willing); a suffix at the end (wonder-ful, depend-ent, act-ion); and an infix occurs in the middle. English has no infixes, but they are

Levi Strauss & Co.

2005-02-23T19:41:00.000-08:00

The company traces its origin to Levi Strauss (1829–1902), a Bavarian immigrant who arrived in San

Janissary Music

2005-02-23T05:00:00.000-08:00

Characteristic of Janissary music is its use of a great variety

France, History Of, Social classes

2005-02-23T00:03:00.000-08:00

The collapse of Roman imperial power and the influx of Germans did not destroy the old Roman senatorial and landed aristocracy; the 6th-century kings called on its members to serve in the administration. A sort of military aristocracy had existed among the Germans: at the time of their settlement within the empire, its members were given tax revenues and lands confiscated

France, History Of, The Revolution of 1830

2005-02-22T15:27:00.000-08:00

The July Revolution was a monument to the ineptitude of Charles X and his advisers. At the outset, few of the king's critics imagined it possible to overthrow the regime; they hoped merely to get rid of Polignac. As for the king, he naively ignored the possibility of serious trouble. No steps were taken to reinforce the army garrison in Paris; no contingency plans were prepared.

Endrin

2005-02-21T07:04:00.000-08:00

Chlorine-containing organic compound used as an insecticide. See aldrin.

France-soir

2005-02-21T04:44:00.000-08:00

(French: “Evening France”), daily newspaper published in Paris, one of the city's greatest independent dailies. It was founded as an underground paper during the German occupation of France in World War II, and after the war it emerged as a journal of mass appeal. France-Soir has ranked among the country's—and the European continent's—leaders in circulation since its start.

Frederick Iii

2005-02-20T17:25:00.000-08:00

In his youth Frederick served successively as bishop coadjutor (i.e., assistant bishop with the right of succession) of the German dioceses of Bremen, Verden, and Halberstadt. He commanded Danish forces in Schleswig-Holstein

Alder, Kurt

2005-02-20T11:25:00.000-08:00

Alder studied chemistry at the universities of Berlin and Kiel, where he received his doctorate

Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal

2005-02-20T11:16:00.000-08:00

The son of a butcher of Ipswich, Wolsey was educated at the University of Oxford. In 1498 he was ordained

Bond, Sir Robert

2005-02-20T02:44:00.000-08:00

Bond was elected to the Newfoundland House of Assembly in 1882. He became speaker in 1884 and colonial secretary in 1889 in the Liberal ministry. His attempts to settle the fishing rights allowed to France and the United States were overruled by

Anderson, Maxie

2005-02-19T09:35:00.000-08:00

Anderson entered the Missouri Military Academy, Mexico, Mo., at the age of eight and throughout his schooling worked summers with his father,

Argentina, Colonial centres

2005-02-18T03:41:00.000-08:00

San Miguel de Tucumán's leadership lasted from the latter

Burgos

2005-02-17T20:54:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Burgos province, in the Castile-León comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), northern Spain. It is located on the lower slopes of a castle-crowned hill overlooking the Arlanzón River, about 2,600 feet (800 m) above sea level. Founded in 884 as an eastern outpost of the Asturian kingdom by the Castilian count Diego Rodríguez Porcelos, it became the capital of the

Latin Alphabet

2005-02-17T17:50:00.000-08:00

Also called Roman alphabet most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and the languages of most of Europe and those areas settled by Europeans. Developed from the Etruscan alphabet at some time before 600 BC, it can be traced through Etruscan, Greek, and Phoenician scripts to the North Semitic alphabet used in Syria and Palestine about 1100 BC. The

Mauretania

2005-02-17T11:21:00.000-08:00

Its native inhabitants, seminomadic pastoralists of Berber stock, were known to the Romans as the Mauri (i.e., Moors) and the Massaesyli. From the 6th century BC the Phoenicians and Carthaginians also settled at points along the coast.

Sarda River

2005-02-16T07:12:00.000-08:00

River rising in the Himalayas and flowing south-southeast along the India–Nepal border to join the Ghaghara River after a course of about 300 miles (480 km). In its upper course, where the stream is known as the Kali River, it enters the Gangetic Plain at Barmdeo Mandi, widening there above the Sarda Barrage; below this point it is known as the Sarda River. Its major tributaries are the

Paramaribo

2005-02-16T04:24:00.000-08:00

Largest town, capital, and chief port of Suriname (formerly Dutch, or Netherlands, Guiana). It lies 9 miles (15 km) from the Atlantic Ocean on the Suriname River. It originated as an Indian village that became a French settlement (c. 1640) and was later the site of an English colony planted in 1651 by Lord Willoughby of Parham. In 1667 Paramaribo was one of the settlements ceded to the Dutch under

Athanasius, Saint

2005-02-15T14:09:00.000-08:00

Theologian, ecclesiastical statesman, and Egyptian national leader; he was the chief defender of Christian orthodoxy in the 4th-century battle against Arianism, the heresy that the Son of God was a creature of like, but not of the same, substance as God the Father. His important works include The Life of St. Antony and Four Orations

Malay Archipelago

2005-02-15T09:05:00.000-08:00

Largest group of islands in the world, consisting of the more than 13,000 islands of Indonesia and the some 7,000 islands of the Philippines. The regional name “East Indies” is sometimes used as a synonym for the archipelago. New Guinea is usually arbitrarily included in the Malay Archipelago while the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the northwest and the Bismarck Archipelago

Kohistan

2005-02-14T17:40:00.000-08:00

In the North-West Frontier, Kohistan is that sparsely populated area of Pakistan which lies west of Chilas in Kashmir and the Kagan Valley. The eastern part is known as Indus Kohistan (for the Indus River) and the western part, divided between Swat

Handsome Lake Cult

2005-02-13T03:20:00.000-08:00

Also called Longhouse Religion , or Gai'wiio (Seneca: “Good Message”) longest-established prophet movement in North America. Its founder was Ganioda'yo (q.v.), a Seneca chief whose name meant “Handsome Lake”; his heavenly revelations received in trance in 1799 rapidly transformed both himself and the demoralized Seneca. Their Christian beliefs, which came primarily from Quaker contacts, included a personal creator-ruler, a devil, heaven, hell,

Cabarrus, François, Conde De

2005-02-13T01:14:00.000-08:00

Cabarrus originally settled in Madrid as a soap manufacturer but soon became conspicuous within a circle of enlightened reformers who advised the king. His ideas were crucial in the creation of the first Spanish central bank in 1783. He also was involved

Carlism

2005-02-12T00:00:00.000-08:00

Spanish Carlismo a Spanish political movement of traditionalist character, originating in the 1820s in the apostólico or extreme clerical party and mobilized in 1827 in the form of paramilitary Royalist Volunteers. This opposition to liberalism crystallized in the 1830s around the person of Carlos María Isidro de Borbón (Don Carlos), younger brother of King Ferdinand VII, and afterward conde

Anastasius Sinaita, Saint

2005-02-11T15:50:00.000-08:00

Theologian and abbot of the Monastery of St. Catherine, on Mt. Sinai, whose writings, public disputes with various heretical movements in Egypt and Syria, and polemics against the Jews made him in his day a foremost advocate of orthodox Christian doctrine, specifically on the person and work of Christ, and provided key documents for the history

Destouches, André Cardinal

2005-02-11T01:10:00.000-08:00

André Cardinal was the son of a wealthy Parisian merchant, Etienne Cardinal, Seigneur des Touches et de Guilleville, but he did not take any form of the patronym until 1694, after which he was known as Destouches. He was educated by the Jesuits and traveled with a priest

Janácek, Leo

2005-02-10T16:23:00.000-08:00

Janácek was a choirboy at Brno and studied at the Prague, Leipzig, and Vienna conservatories. In 1881 he founded a college of organists at Brno, which he directed until 1920. He directed the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra from 1881 to 1888 and in

Interface

2005-02-10T15:19:00.000-08:00

Surface separating two phases of matter, each of which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. An interface is not a geometric surface but a thin layer that has properties differing from those of the bulk material on either side of the interface. A common interface is that between a body of water and the air, which exhibits such properties as surface tension, by which the interface

Oersted

2005-02-09T21:42:00.000-08:00

Unit of magnetic-field strength, in the centimetre-gram-second system of physical units. Named for the 19th-century Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted, it is defined as the intensity of a magnetic field in a vacuum in which a unit magnetic pole (one that repels a similar pole at a distance of one centimetre with a force of one dyne) experiences a mechanical force of

Chibchan Languages

2005-02-09T02:09:00.000-08:00

A group of South American Indian languages that were spoken before AD 1500 in the area now comprising Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, western Colombia, and Ecuador. A now extinct Chibchan language sometimes known as Muisca was the language of a powerful Indian empire with its centre near Bogotá. Important present-day Chibchan languages include Guaymí and Move in Panama,

Guajará-mirim

2005-02-08T16:03:00.000-08:00

City, western Rondônia estado (“state”), western Brazil. It lies along the Mamoré River. Primarily a transportation centre, Guajará-Mirim handles traffic in rubber, lumber, babassu palm oil, and other forest products taken in the surrounding area. It has a small port for shallow-draft vessels and is the southern terminus of a railroad built in 1913 to carry products out of Bolivia

DirtyForest

Albacore

Adage

Vaughan, Frankie

Lisboa

Vaughan, Frankie

Pencil Drawing

Hardouin, Jean

Dur Sharrukin

Canaan Dog

Hancock

Tyrrhenian Sea

Ramie

Madgaon

Jablonski, Daniel Ernst

Silhouette Island

Vaida-voevod, Alexandru

Ukrainian Language

Scandinavian Literature, Renewed literary activity in Norway

Fabre, Jean Henri

Dell, Floyd

Strang, James Jesse

Elf Owl

Maastricht Treaty

Beach Pea

China, The Shih-liu kuo (Sixteen Kingdoms) in the north (303439)

Stone, Fred (andrew)

Faraday

Cinématographe

Biblical Literature, Form and content of John

Arabian Desert

Cairo, The old and new quarters

Bracegirdle, Anne

Pytheas

Ambato

Gwyn, Nell

Pietrasanta

Latin American Central Of Workers

China

Eleazar Ben Azariah

Sirtica

Smith, Sir Keith Macpherson; And Smith, Sir Ross Macpherson

Lop Nor

Korean War

Equatorial Guinea, Linguistic composition

Ankara

Bean, Alan L(avern)

Reformatory

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke Of, Earl Of Surrey, Earl Marshal

Hades

Cartan, élie-joseph

France, History Of, Economic life

Macdonough, Thomas

Python

O'brien, William

China, Changes in outlying areas

Lupino Family

Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

Procedural Law, Common law

Sabre

Hanafiyah

Heijermans, Herman

Madanin

Clare, John Fitzgibbon, 1st Earl Of

Fischer, Bobby

Cyclosilicate

Tammany Hall

Novokuznetsk

Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl Of

Capital

Affix

Levi Strauss & Co.

Janissary Music

France, History Of, Social classes

France, History Of, The Revolution of 1830

Endrin

France-soir

Frederick Iii

Alder, Kurt

Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal

China, The Shih-liu kuo (Sixteen Kingdoms) in the north (303439)

Janácek, Leo